Category Archives: Faculty Essay

Steven Meyers
Also In This Issue, Faculty Essay, Fall 2017, Feature 2, Uncategorized

Teaching Psychology or Teaching People? Reflections on a Classroom Career

Steven Meyers

Steven Meyers, Roosevelt professor of psychology.

 

This fall will be the start of my 22nd year of teaching psychology at Roosevelt University. It is summer as I write this essay, and I am preparing for classes, which this semester include Introductory Psychology for new students, a capstone internship course for students as they near graduation, and a seminar for doctoral students in which I supervise them as they teach our undergraduates.

I check the rosters to see how many students have enrolled, and see dozens of names of people whom I have yet to meet. Most are in Introductory Psychology, one of the first classes many students take upon arriving at Roosevelt. My goal, as the semester progresses, is to learn as much as I can about these newcomers, why they chose my class and what drew them to Roosevelt.

Most have dreams, like Dani, one of my students who constantly strove to make social change while she was at Roosevelt, and is now completing a doctoral degree in social work at the University of Chicago.

Many others have shared with me their hardships in getting through Roosevelt while caring for siblings, children and aging parents, or in overcoming medical illnesses. I have even taught students who were homeless, including a student whose plight shook me as a teacher, which I will describe a little later.

Grappling with some of these issues is not easy, but getting to know my students is important. I want to give each one I teach an experience that will lead to success at Roosevelt, in their careers and with their lives in general.

As I reflect on all of this, a recurring paradox occurs to me: Do I teach psychology or do I teach students? It is the kind of question that I believe teachers must ask if they are to prepare students for lives as socially conscious citizens.

“Teaching people means we must support and engage them. This involves not only finding out about them, but also…praising and encouraging students, and using teaching strategies that challenge them.”

– Steven Meyers, Professor of Psychology

Many people are surprised when they learn how little preparation college faculty members generally receive about how to teach effectively. This stands in contrast to elementary and secondary education teachers who complete extensive coursework and receive supervision as they develop their skills. Future college professors tend to immerse themselves in their chosen field during graduate school, and mainly focus on research leading to publication while they pursue their doctoral studies.

When I started teaching shortly after receiving my PhD in Child and Family Psychology in 1995 from Michigan State University, I placed a premium on explaining theories and research in order to prepare students for additional classes. I focused a lot on the content of my lessons, making sure my presentations were thorough, the readings were comprehensive and timely, and the coverage was clear. I remain committed to these objectives today, for this is what it means to teach psychology well. Or is it?

In a revealing study, a team of professors at the University of Alabama administered a test to Introductory Psychology students about the knowledge they had gained four months after their class ended. For comparison, the team gave the same test to a group of new students who had never enrolled in the course. Scores between these two groups were a lot closer than any professor would hope.

This is instructive for college faculty, for it suggests our objective may need to be bigger than teaching facts and theories from our disciplines. Today, I take the greatest satisfaction in teaching people rather than in teaching psychology. Instead of thinking I will be teaching another section of Introductory Psychology, I now look at each semester as an opportunity to work with and get to know a new group of Roosevelt students. This subtle shift in focus has large implications.

Teaching people means that it is important to learn more about them as individuals. On the first day of class, I ask my students to share information about themselves. I then try to figure out how the class material can be useful and relevant in their lives. I also ask about their career aspirations and try to think of ways to connect to their interests and goals. Sometimes I learn their personal stories when they choose to share them, and this allows me to be more responsive to their situations.

Appreciating students’ individuality can be daunting; it is more straightforward just to focus on the subject matter. Like most of us, however, students at times struggle with self-doubt, anxiety and relationships. They sometimes need to share these struggles with someone they trust, which I believe can include me as an invested teacher.

Psychology doctoral students

Meyers’ doctoral students (left to right): Chelsea Geise, Kouri Akagi, Yaritza Waddell and Elaine Yeo.

 

I am a “fixer” by nature, but I have learned that not all problems are fixable. A case in point involves the student I referenced earlier. Stopping me after class one day, he told me his family disowned him after he disclosed his sexual orientation. He relied on friends for assistance, moving from the couch of one to the floor of another’s residence. This went on for a few months until he wore out his welcome and his money ran out, leading him to decide to withdraw from Roosevelt.

Raised in a household in New York where basics like food and shelter were always available and money was not a problem, I had never really considered the possibility that any of my students would not know where they would sleep at night. I wondered how many facts from class this student could possibly retain when these other life issues were so much more pressing.

While I assured him he could come back to my class any time, I also felt I had let him down because of his decision to step away from his education. These kinds of stories do not always end well. However, the student stopped me in the hall during his last week at Roosevelt to thank me. He told me he was grateful that one of his professors had cared enough to learn about his situation and to listen.

It re-emphasized for me that there is a need, beyond the material I teach, to be there for my students. Teaching people means we must support and engage them. This involves not only finding out about them, but also being available outside of class, expressing enthusiasm when teaching, praising and encouraging students, and using teaching strategies that challenge them.

For college education to produce enduring outcomes, students cannot just be interested or attentive observers in the classroom. Rather, people learn best when they manipulate information. This is why I prefer to use active and collaborative learning strategies such as case studies, role-playing, writing exercises, participatory demonstrations and problem-based learning. Ultimately, my students spend a lot of time working with each other on tasks that connect learning to life.

Teaching people means instructors need to counterbalance a focus on students as individuals with an emphasis on their responsibility to others. There is a story of a Chasidic rabbi who asked people to place slips of paper in their two pockets, each containing a different passage from the Jewish scriptures. The note for the left pocket stated, “I am but dust and ashes.” The one for the right pocket read, “For my sake the whole world was created.”

“[Roosevelt is] more ambitious than many colleges because of our social justice mission. Our students gain more than book knowledge. We provide a value-rich experience in which students become more aware of social inequalities and develop greater concern and empathy.”

– Steven Meyers, Professor of Psychology

The first message was for people to read when they needed humility during times of excessive self-focus or self-importance. The latter was meant to reassure people when they felt discourage or insignificant. I want students to appreciate this duality as they see their own potential and learn in my classes how to be responsible members of their communities.

A college education can address students’ needs and aspirations, but it can also point them in the direction of helping others. This translates into another paradox in effective teaching. I believe students will remember learning experiences that occur outside of my classroom just as much as experiences that occur inside of it. Specifically, undergraduates in my courses put their knowledge into practice by working directly with at-risk people in Chicago and its suburbs. They have tutored teenagers, provided support for patients in hospice, assisted children who grieve the loss of a parent, cradled hospitalized infants, and closely listened to the stories of people in homeless shelters.

This instructional strategy is known as service learning, and it gives students the opportunity to give back, which in turn connects to what they are learning in the classroom. So far, my students have collectively contributed more than 20,000 hours to people in need.

One of the greatest sources of satisfaction for a professor is to watch students grow when they get the opportunity to use their skills to make a difference. My former student, Dani, whom I mentioned earlier, is a case in point. Leaving behind family living 1,000 miles away, Dani was a transfer student from South Dakota who chose Roosevelt because of its social justice mission. She wanted to make positive change in people’s lives, and I was fortunate enough to be there to help her along the way. Dani worked at a community-counseling center, helped lead a summer program for at-risk youths and completed a research internship at The Family Institute at Northwestern University.

After graduating in 2014, she became a clinical research coordinator at the University of Pennsylvania, and is now completing a doctoral degree in social work. I am confident she will make the world a better place for us all, and I am proud to have been one of her teachers. We still talk today and trust that we will stay in contact in the future.

Prospective students and their parents often ask me what makes an education at Roosevelt University distinctive. I explain that we are more ambitious than many colleges because of our social justice mission. Our students gain more than book knowledge. We provide a value-rich experience in which students become more aware of social inequalities and develop greater concern and empathy.

Steven Meyers

Meyers provides some tips for teaching.

 

One of my ore popular service-learning classes, a pilot called Seminar in Youth Violence, focused on how to stop this epidemic in Chicago. My students not only spent hundreds of hours talking with dozens of people affected by youth violence. They looked for ways to combat the problem, held a community forum that raised awareness, wrote and published a letter to the editor in the Chicago Sun-Times, created a video on YouTube that has more than 10,000 views, and co-authored a photo documentary book, Youth Violence in Chicago: An Intimate Look. This work contributed to the selection of a student in the class, Emma, as Illinois Student Laureate of the Year.

Students taking my service learning courses have met with their state legislators to advocate for expanding early childhood education funding. They have voiced support for more community support services for teens, leading to an invitation from a local public official for one of my students, James, to join a panel studying the issue.

These are memorable experiences for Roosevelt students, who frequently are the first in their families to go to college. Many come from families with limited financial resources. Some have experienced racism or other forms of discrimination — yet here they are discovering they can have a voice on issues that matter!

It makes me wonder again about teaching psychology versus teaching people. What will ultimately matter more to them: what I want to teach or what they want to learn? Which will they be more likely to remember after they graduate: the psychology lessons I taught or my promise to do whatever I could to help them succeed? Did they benefit more from my structure and organization in the classroom or from an unplanned conversation that we had in the hallway about their lives? I know that both possibilities are important in each of these questions, but the relative and enduring impact is not always so clear. There definitely is no substitute for facts and rigor in coursework. It is necessary, but is it truly sufficient?

I have come to believe that my primary calling as a professor is to make a difference. When my course is over, I hope students will not only be more knowledgable, but also more curious, self-aware and sensitive to the plight of others. It is an outcome that motivates me to be enthusiastic, helpful and hopeful after 22 years of teaching.

Steven Meyers, professor of psychology at Roosevelt University, is winner of the 2017 Robert S. Daniel Teaching Excellence Award. One of psychology’s highest honors in teaching, this national award from the American Psychological Association’s Society for the Teaching of Psychology is given annually to one psychology faculty member from a four-year college or university. In 2007, Meyers was named Illinois Professor of the Year by the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching. A clinical psychologist, Meyers is an expert in children’s well-being and family relationships. He is the associate chair of Roosevelt’s Department of Psychology, where he directs undergraduate programs and the Initiative for Child and Family Studies.

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Roosevelt students travel into the Tanzanian savannah
Faculty Essay, Feature 2, Spring 2017

Hakuna Matata: Conservation Biology Fieldwork and the Larger Lessons of Life

Professor Norbert Cordeiro with Tropical Biology and Conservation students

Professor Norbert Cordeiro (far left) with Tropical Biology and Conservation students at a wild fig tree in Tanzania, 2013.

A massive fallen tree blocks the only road to Mount Nilo, temporarily halting our team’s field visit to this remote, lush rainforest.

It is the early morning of Jan. 22, 2017. Though I have been to Tanzania on a number of occasions to prepare for trips with Roosevelt students taking my Tropical Biology and Conservation class, this is the first time in 22 years that I am returning to the Nilo Nature Reserve.

Together with colleagues Dr. Henry Ndangalasi from the University of Dar es Salaam, Victor Mkongewa, and Martino Joho of BirdLife Tanzania, I am certain the trip will be less about nostalgia and more about protecting the rainforest.

Emmanuel Mgimwa of BirdLife Tanzania demonstrates how to tag a bird for field study

Emmanuel Mgimwa of BirdLife Tanzania (far right) demonstrates how to tag a bird for field study, 2016. Pictured from left are students Brittney Austin, April Aloway, Wenke Dahl; Henry Ndangalasi, Nickson Ndangalasi; and professor Kelly Wentz-Hunter.

As conservation biologists, we are investigating how disturbance of the forest by local communities, including logging and farming, impacts the area’s globally endangered animals and plants.

The fallen tree throws a bump in our travels that could easily delay us by hours or days. However, being Tanzanian, my colleagues and I are all too familiar with the Swahili motto hakuna matata [no worries]. One way or another, we understand we will eventually make our way onward for the last hour of the trip to our camping site. All we need is a bit of patience, luck and the knowledge that an obstacle is only an obstacle if you let it be one.

Hardly 15 minutes later, along comes a noisy boda boda, a local motorbike taxi, the loud mechanical whirring of the engine drowning the rainforest’s melodious sounds of birds, shrills of crickets and tinkling of tree frogs.

For a time, the boda boda, too, is stopped by the fallen forest giant. Working as a team in typical Tanzanian fashion, we cut large tree branches and thick lianas that snake around the fallen tree. These woody vines use the tall trees to get to the forest canopy, only in this case they are to die with their fallen host.

A narrow space is carved away from a corner below the fallen tree, large enough to allow slanting boda bodas through with a little pushing and pulling.

One passes under with a passenger aboard, but the driver has given us two numbers of other drivers to call by cell. Victor calls, negotiates the fees, and within another half an hour, we leave our land rover behind, squeeze under the fallen tree, hop onto boda bodas with equipment, food and supplies, and head to our campsite.

My initial visit to Nilo in 1994 was the first time that Tanzanian biologists had visited the East Usambara Mountains since early exploration in the 1920s. On that trip, we rediscovered the endangered Tanzania mountain weaver, a bird that many believed was extinct. We also obtained the first record of the long-billed tailorbird, one of the most critically endangered species on the planet. This bird is found only in Tanzania’s East Usambaras, and is one of the reasons I returned to Nilo in January.

Our assignment was to locate tailorbird territories found earlier by the BirdLife field team in 2009, and to gauge the condition of the bird’s habitat. Climbing steep slopes and traversing about 15 miles a day for close to two weeks, we explored all 19 known territories, and discovered three new areas where the bird lives as well.

My involvement in this conservation effort is multi-faceted. I serve as BirdLife Species Guardian for the tailorbird (an honorary position), training Tanzanians in field-research techniques and collaborating with various partners and stakeholders on tangible strategies for conservation of this rare species.

Since 2005, my guardian work has allowed me to travel home to Tanzania at least once a year, giving me the opportunity to reconnect with family, friends and colleagues. These trips also reignite my love for nature and people, paving the way for development of sound conservation strategies for the East Usambaras.

I have developed important relationships in this remote area. It is not near the foothills of Mt. Kilimanjaro, Africa’s highest mountain, where I was born and raised. However, I have found the East Usambaras to be my home away from home, and the ideal place to engage my students in tropical conservation.

Perhaps there is an emotional attachment linked to raising my daughter for the first two years of her life in the East Usambaras, where her main toys were chameleons and tree frogs. Perhaps it is because the village we spend most of our time in is called Amani, which means “peace” in Swahili — a way of life embedded in the village’s aura, culture and landscape.

“Perhaps there is an emotional attachment linked to raising my daughter for the first two years of her life in the East Usambaras … No matter my personal reasons, one thing is certain: Tanzania needs all the help it can get.”

– Norbert Cordeiro, Associate Professor of Biology

No matter my personal reasons for attachment, one thing is certain: Tanzania needs all the help it can get. Approximately 65 percent of the country’s nearly 50 million people live below the poverty line. Given this circumstance, it isn’t surprising there is pressure on natural resources, like the rainforest, which has led to deforestation rates equivalent to the loss of 400,000 football fields per year over the last two decades.

Deforestation is pervasive in the East Usambaras, an area rich in flora and fauna found nowhere else in the world. We must make an effort to preserve this endangered place that is tied to local livelihoods and the environmental health of our entire planet. It is a calling we cannot ignore.

Collaboration and cooperation with others are key to preserving this environmental treasure, and my research, which frequently includes Roosevelt students, as well as my position as a species guardian, have allowed me to work with amazing people and organizations from all over the world.

Because of our efforts, I view the world as connected in inter-disciplinary ways, from professionals to local villagers, conservation managers to researchers, students to trained academics, and followers to leaders.

It is also a world where we work together to curb and remediate environmental destruction, at the same time always considering what is at stake for those who must try to get by in one of the world’s poorest countries.

With all of this in mind, I created an experiential learning course for Roosevelt students called Tropical Biology and Conservation 369-469. Since 2013, three classes totaling 40 students have visited the East Usambaras.

On these expeditions, my students learn about complexities involved in conserving the savannah ecosystem of the Ngorongoro-Serengeti; they then join local communities in efforts to combat rainforest destruction; and they plant thousands of tree seedlings that can help reverse deforestation.

Roosevelt students travel into the Tanzanian savannah

Roosevelt students (from left) Olivia Downs, Maggie Dobek, Arielle Nausieda, Sarah Callaghan, Carli Schlaker and Najoua Alioualla travel into the Tanzanian savannah.

Learning should be about success, failure and the unexpected, as well as how to handle such outcomes in academics and in life. In this course, I want students to be aware that travel and fieldwork require flexibility.

Tanzania is a place that operates in a completely different cultural context than many of us understand. I inform my students in the classroom before we leave that they will have to work outside their comfort zone. I ask them to consider that “time” as they know it in the developed world isn’t perceived in the same way where they will be working in Tanzania. I encourage them to accept each day for what it brings.

“Learning should be about success, failure and the unexpected, as well as how to handle such outcomes in academics and in life.”

– Norbert Cordeiro, Associate Professor of Biology

In my experiences, especially growing up in Tanzania, failure and the unexpected are normal. How one perceives these outcomes determines personal and social growth. I believe not knowing what is to come, yet learning to expect the best of every situation, makes for more contentment with an experience and with life in general.

I don’t expect everyone to embrace this “glass half-full” mentality, but I do want my students to think about the concept during their travel and work in the wilds of eastern Africa.

It was therefore surprising to me that one of my former students, Roosevelt alumna Té Monoski, shared thoughts about the transformation that resulted from our first trip to Tanzania in May 2013.

“Our class trip to Tanzania was not just a momentary adventure, it was the experience that I would base future endeavors on for the rest of my life. Our trip forced me out of my comfort zone, and I loved every minute of it. Those few weeks in Tanzania, riding around in our jeep, to this day, remain one of the only instances in my life where every day was completely different from the previous. Every day I was learning and experiencing something totally new and wonderful … from birdcalls and mixed species [bird] flocks to rainforest vegetation and wildlife. It was addicting, and I felt the loss immediately upon returning to Chicago. Taking this trip to Tanzania cemented the way I choose to approach experiences in my life. Take chances, immerse yourself in new things, leave your comfort zone. Feel alive!”

Like almost all my students, Té was interested in understanding other cultures, being respectful of one another, and thinking about how we fit into the larger global environment. She and fellow student Corinna Dampf, along with the BirdLife Tanzania field team, used recorded birdcalls by a rare species known as the drongo to entice birds in the rainforest into hunting flight so that the drongo could catch insects from the birds’ wings.

The data collected studying the impact of the drongo’s habitat was the foundation for publication of a paper in the international peer-reviewed journal Biological Conservation. Their study also set the stage for further evaluation of how human disturbance affects interactions among dependent rainforest species, and the integrity of habitats.

Inquisitive, driven, inspiring — those are traits of the Roosevelt students I know and cherish. When I am with them, they give me energy and desire to keep learning new things and asking new questions. In the classroom prior to the trip, my students learn to become critical thinkers capable of problem solving while developing their projects at home and in executing those projects in the field.

Their projects have included: understanding butterfly diversity in the forest canopy vs. ground vegetation; conducting population censuses of the rare chameleons in farms vs. the rainforest; and identifying and estimating the abundance of animals in disturbed vs. undisturbed rainforest using motion-triggered camera traps.

It is awe-inspiring to see my students engaged. They learn how to work closely with local Tanzanian experts, some who speak limited English, and to eventually arrive at answers to questions their projects pose.

According to May 2016 graduation speaker Najoua Alioualla, the Tanzanian learning experience demands “many skills … such as critical thinking, adaptive learning and application strategies.” She calls it a “holistic approach to learning” that teaches not only conservation biology, but also training and implementation of independent, student-designed field experiments.

In the spring of 2018, I will return to Tanzania with more Roosevelt students. As always, I will make a reconnaissance visit as I did in January to plan, talk to local collaborators and field-test new project ideas. I am excited to work with an excellent team that includes Roosevelt biology professor Kelly Wentz-Hunter, who adds great depth by developing social interactions among students, and Dr. Ndangalasi, whose calmness and exuberance impart his immense passion for plants and all things Tanzanian.

There will be minor obstacles, like the giant tree that fell and temporarily blocked our path. However, I will be just as excited as my students about the upcoming journey, for Roosevelt students are a different breed. They ask insightful questions and are curious, open to new ideas and people, and authentically engaged in learning and activism.

“…Roosevelt students are a different breed. They ask insightful questions and are curious, open to new ideas and people, and authentically engaged in learning and activism.”

– Norbert Cordeiro, Associate Professor of Biology

I hope many will remember the motto hakuna matata when facing obstacles, as it will remind them of the resilience and flexibility they need to live in a world where each day brings the unexpected.

Professor Norbert Cordeiro portraitNorbert Cordeiro is an associate professor of biology at Roosevelt University. His specializations are in tropical conservation biology and ecology, and he serves as an editor for two African journals and one international journal in these fields. His research has focused in his native Tanzania, where he has spent the greater part of the last 27 years studying the ecology and conservation of the globally biodiverse East Usambara Mountains. His fieldwork with Roosevelt students has been possible in part thanks to student scholarships provided by Dr. Stuart Meyer (BS, ’56).

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Faculty Essay, Fall 2016, Feature 4, Feature Stories

Human Resource: Strategies for Landing a Job and Moving Up the Ladder

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Over the years, I’ve often been asked for advice about career management. In addition to being a professor of management and human resource management at Roosevelt University, I’ve served as board chair for senior executive appointments, evaluated the effectiveness of boards of directors, conducted professional searches and redesigned organizational structures to reflect strategic and other changes.

So I’ve observed a lot and along the way developed creative ways to address a variety of organizational challenges. In this essay, I would like to share my insights on strategies for obtaining a job and moving up the professional ladder.

More than a million people graduate from college each year and it often takes three to nine months to find a job commensurate with the graduate’s college degree. The time may be even greater for international students and professionals. That’s because many new graduates must deal with professional exams and licensure –such as in actuarial science, allied health, accounting and education fields.

Most students start looking for their first job after they graduate, but I believe they need to start earlier —when they’re still in school. There is no perfect time to begin the job search, except this: the sooner the better.

Unlike many people in earlier generations who worked for one employer their entire life, today the average college graduate’s first job is unlikely to be his or her last. In fact, college graduates and professionals these days may have six to eight employers over a 40-year career span with people moving on average every four to five years. So, when selecting an employer, choosing one for lifetime employment should not be among the most important selection criteria.

I realize that some people are wondering whether they should invest the time and money needed to complete a college degree. Completing a bachelor’s degree is extremely important and has strong positive results on career success. Consistently, data from the U.S. Census Bureau shows that over a 40-year working span, the average college graduate earns approximately $1 million more than someone with only a high school diploma.

A master’s degree is also worth the time and money it takes. It’s the highest degree for practicing managers, whereas the doctorate is for people who want to focus more on research or be accredited in such fields as pharmacy or educational administration. For example, a master’s degree in business (i.e., an MBA, MSHRM, MSA, MSRE) and in other disciplines puts the graduate on a whole different level across his or her entire working career with richer opportunities on all fronts, work and life. It also hugely changes his/her potential influence on the world. So the answer is Yes! Bachelor’s and graduate degrees are worth the time, effort and money.

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People often ask me about whether they should take on this or that job with little or no thought of first establishing a career plan. A job is not a career. A career involves vision, planning and jobs that may include a series of horizontal and vertical moves.

I often think that if people apply for the job they really want, rather than doing mass emails and postings of their resumes, recruiters could fill positions more quickly and accurately. This reminds me of a board that I chaired to select the mayor of a relatively large municipality. The most attractive candidate only applied for one job. He was highly focused and knew exactly what he wanted. That resonated with me and he gained our recommendation. This might not work for all people. The principle is to focus your career efforts with a vision and career plan.

Employers tend to hire and promote based on knowledge, skills, abilities and personal characteristics. Of course, career advancements also are the result of doing your job well. It’s not a matter of being a perfectionist; rather, it’s a matter of good to excellent performance on what the organization values. Lacking the right talent can be painful for an organization. Thus, you and any candidate are more likely to land a role when you match and present your skills and experiences according to the organization’s needs.

Aligning your plans to your manager’s goals under the company’s values and goals will be important to success. If you were in the elevator with the president of your company and were asked, you should be able to deliver a 30- to 60- second pitch on how your work contributes to the bottom line. This shows that you are aware of your company’s needs and how your work contributes to addressing those needs in tangible ways.

Personal characteristics such as dependability, loyalty, trustworthiness, honesty and integrity go a long way. A former store manager recently mentioned that her company valued her and promoted her because they could trust her. Because of those traits, she was chosen to manage the entire store, including its human and physical capital and the risk management function.

Another conversation with a manager in the telecommunications industry brought to light the importance of having a breadth of work experiences. In some industries people are looked at more favorably and experience career advancements based on working in various departments of the organization. Doing this attests to your ability to get along with people, build positive relationships and be a team player.

“A job is not a career. A career involves vision, planning and jobs that may include a series of horizontal and vertical moves.”
Carolyn Wiley, Professor of Management and Human Resource Management

In addition, horizontal career moves allow you to develop new skills. This will make you a more attractive candidate for other desirable jobs within and outside the organization. You’ll learn more about your company and build a broader internal network. For example, in one global firm a cohort of entry level consultants was engaged in a rotation program, giving them an opportunity to work in various practices and hopefully after the rotations to return to the practice of their choice. These types of horizontal career moves are helpful at the beginning of your career and also can be extremely beneficial at other career levels.

Career advancement sometimes requires difficult decisions such as moving to different locations in this country and abroad. Being willing and ready to move to a different location will have an impact on family and other personal relationships. The truth is that you will rarely find all your career advancements in your present role. Advancing to significantly higher levels will often require a move.

But keep in mind that life is more complex these days. It’s good to be flexible and willing to change locations. This is not convenient; but it will enlarge your network. Personally, having led and worked with people on at least four continents has broadened my prospective and respect for others and made me more confident in future work experiences.

As you ascend up the career ladder, you’re gauged more and more on your personal characteristics. At the higher levels of a career about 90 percent or more of the people have a college degree. Therefore, the differentiators become the personal characteristics.

A window into your personal characteristics are your networks. I don’t mean the number of people you’ve connected with on the internet. I mean the number and quality of your relationships with others. It’s important to respect others, consider their views, keep tempers in check and be tactful in verbal and written communication, especially e-mails!

I, like many people, have had great bosses and not so great ones. I recall an incident when a particular boss asked for my feedback. His response to me was great, indicating that he would take my ideas under consideration and he did. He was a good example of a leader who listens to others and acts on their unbiased perspectives. His actions became a model for my management style.

In my teaching and advising students, I emphasize the things I’ve mentioned here. I also advise students to be members of their professional societies that may include marketing, finance, IT, HR or real estate. Most fields (education, law, health services, etc.) also have professional organizations. In all of my classes, students are encouraged to network with professionals in their fields. Your networks are a rich source for discovering new opportunities.

Currently I advise Roosevelt’s student chapter of the Society for Human Resource Management which is open to all majors and has earned local and national recognition. It encourages students to fulfill volunteer roles at the national conferences, sit in on committees and board meetings, attend leadership conferences, participate in case competitions, and stay up to date with the profession. My students also engage in experiential learning through simulations, games, conferences, case studies, pro-bono consulting and other extra-curricular activities.

These are all important, but as students begin their job search, I urge them above all to be prepared for any opportunity. Over 50 percent of college graduates land positions that are not directly related to their field of study. I always encourage students to be flexible and consider other opportunities that may use their skills and aptitudes.

I can think of at least one graduate student who wanted a job in HR, but was offered the head of operations role instead. She accepted the opportunity. While you need to plan your careers, you also must be open and flexible for unexpected opportunities that come your way.

In my own personal life, I have been an entrepreneur, manager, consultant and professor. I have found all these jobs rewarding. What’s my best advice for your career journey? Remain flexible, plan and be alert to the vision and path that ultimately leads to your satisfaction and happiness and helps you advance your goals in life.

Carolyn Wiley is professor of management and human resource management in the Heller College of Business and formerly the associate provost for Academic Program Review at Roosevelt University. She was a European principal and senior consultant for a global consultancy and member of its performance and talent management global team and functioned as a chief human resource officer for an organization. She has held management faculty posts in the United States, France and Ireland. She is currently president-elect for the Midwest Academy of Management. A recipient of both teaching and research recognitions and awards, she earned a PhD from the University of California, Los Angeles and has over 50 publications in journals and book chapters. Her speaking engagements have spanned the globe including Russia, Japan, Africa, Czech Republic, the United Kingdom, France, Spain and the United States. Her research areas include corporate governance, diversity, ethics, professional certification, impression management, DNA of the best companies and corporate responsibility.

For further information, feel free to email cwiley@roosevelt.edu.

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