The American Dream Reconsidered Conference is a yearly conference held by Roosevelt University to discuss what the American Dream is to us today. This year’s conference surrounded the topic of Immigration.
Immigration is one of the most important policy issues for many American today. The topic dominates the media, especially with the 2024 presidential election. But immigration is not just a modern-day issue; the argument has been a steady conversation for many years. With moderator, Professor Sandra Frink (RU), panelists Professor Susan Gzesh, University of Chicago , Michael Jin, University of Illinois Chicago, and Maddalena Marinari, Gustavus Adolphus College, discussed the Immigration Act of 1924, 100 years later.
The Immigration Act of 1924 severely restricted immigration into the United States. The Act effectively barred much of immigration outside western Europe, established border patrol, and controlled immigration through quotas. The Act was a way to prevent immigration and maintain an ethnically homogenous country– homogenous, meaning all the same kind, white. This act sought to achieve a homogenous nation through quotas. Previous legislation had been too racially targeted, so quotas were established to make restricting certain people a quantitative matter. Quotas were set by looking at the U.S. census and once a country reached its quota, no more people were allowed in. The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 stopped Chinese laborers’ from entering the country and stopped all Chinese immigrants from claiming citizenship. This act came after the completion of the transcontinental railroad. With this legislation still in place in 1924, Chinese immigration was suspended completely because they could not claim citizenship.
Mexican immigration was not included in this legislation. This was because of the need for specific types of labor at that time. Mexican immigrants were allowed to come in because the country needed them, but only on a temporary basis. This is similar to how Asian immigrants were pushed out after construction on the transcontinental railroad was finished. After the need for labor was gone, the United States wanted to return to a homogenous nation.
In the present day, the legacy of this legislation is still around. The Immigration Act of 1924 set a precedent for the US to enact similar types of harsh laws. In recent years, the United States has felt made a point to block borders, separate families, and deny asylum. But as Michael Jin points out, the legacy of this act is so important because, without its repeal in 1965, the room we are sitting in would look very different. The rich diversity that makes America so unique would not exist if the Act of 1924 stayed in place.
Looking to the future, immigration is likely to remain an important topic. With the 2024 presidential election only days away, immigration is one of the most frequently referenced policy discussions. Republicans are pushing for mass deportation in another Trump presidency and harsh laws on who we let into the country. Democrats support earned pathways to citizenship but still want limitations.
With these policies, past, present, and future in mind, it calls into question the American Dream. Who is the American Dream for? Who does it work for a who does it work against? As the panelists pointed out, the notion of the American Dream is exclusionary to Native Americans, Asians, and anyone else who is affected by harsh immigration laws. “The American Dream” that says anyone can succeed here, clashes with the legislation put in place.